Activity theory
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Activity theory is a psychological meta-theory, paradigm, or framework, with its roots in the Soviet psychologist Vygotsky's cultural-historical psychology. Its founders were Alexei N. Leont'ev (1903-1979), and Sergei Rubinshtein (1889-1960) who sought to understand human activities as complex, socially situated phenomena and go beyond paradigms of psychoanalysis and behaviorism. It became one of the major psychological approaches in the former USSR, being widely used in both theoretical and applied psychology, in areas such as education, training, ergonomics, and work psychology.
Yrjö Engeström
Het werk van Leont'ev, Vygotsky e.a. bleef vrijwel onopgemerkt tot de First International Conference on Activity Theory (1986). Vanaf die tijd werkt Engeström aan een meer gestructureerde beschrijving van Activity theory.
"Engeström proposed a scheme of activity different from that by Leont'ev; it contains three interacting entities—the individual, the object and the community—instead of the two components—the individual and the object—in Leont'ev's original scheme."
Some changes were introduced, apparently by importing notions from Human-Computer Interaction theory. For instance, the notion of rules, which is not found in Leont'ev, was introduced. Also, the notion of collective subject was introduced in the 1970s and 1980s (Leont'ev refers to "joint labour activity", but only has individuals, not groups, as activity subjects).
Verwijzingen
- Engeström, Y. (1999).
Activity theory and individual and social transformation In Y. Engeström, R. Miettinen & R. L. Punamaki (Eds.), Perspectives on activity theory (pp. 19-38). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Roth, W.-M. (2004). Scientific literacy as an emergent feature of collective human praxis. Journal of curriculum studies.
- Tuomi-Gröhn, T., & Engeström, Y. (2003). Conceptualizing transfer: From standard notions to developmental perspectives In T. Tuomi-Gröhn & Y. Engeström (Eds.), Between school and work: New perspectives on transfer and boundary-crossing (pp. 19-38). Amsterdam: Pergamon.
- Engeström, Y. (2005). Developmental work research
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